denarii N M

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dēnārĭus, a, um, adj. [deni], containing ten.

In gen.:

numerus digitorum,

Vitr. 3, 1:

fistula,

ten inches in circumference, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 58; Vitr. 8, 7: DENARIAE caerimoniae dicebantur et TRICENARIAE, quibus sacra adituris decem continuis rebus vel triginta certis quibusdam rebus carendum erat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 10.— Freq.,

Esp. nummus, or absol., de-narius, ii, m. ( gen. plur., denarium, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 55; id. Off. 3, 23 fin.; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 71 Müll.:

denariorum,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18 fin.; Suet. Tib. 48).

A Roman silver coin, which originally contained ten, and afterwards eighteen asses, in value equivalent to an Attic drachma, or about sixteen American cents, Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 44; Vitr. 3, 1, 8; Paul. ex Fest. p. 98, 1 Müll.:

denarii nummi,

Liv. 8, 11 fin.: denarii trecenti, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 55; so subst., id. ib. 2, 3, 82 sq.; * Caes. B. C. 1, 52; Plin. 18, 23, 53, § 194; Mart. 1, 118 et saep.—

As, an apothecary's weight, = drachma, Plin. 21, 34, 109, § 185; Cels. 5, 17; Plin. 30, 7, 19, § 56 et saep.—

A gold coin of the value of 25 silver denarii, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 44 sq.; 34, 7, 17, § 37; cf. Petr. 33, 2.—

In later times, a copper coin, Vop. Aurel. 9; Macr. S. 1, 7 med. —

Meton. for money in gen., Cic. Quint. 4 fin.; id. Att. 2, 6 fin.

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* * *

* * *

aurĕus, a, um, adj. [id.].

Lit.

Of gold, golden (syn.:

aureolus, auratus, aurifer): patera,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 104 and 263:

vasa,

Vulg. Exod. 12, 35; ib. 2 Tim. 2, 20:

torulus,

Plaut. Am. prol. 144:

imber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 37:

funis,

Lucr. 2, 1154: torques. Vulg. Gen. 41, 42:

simulacra,

Lucr. 2, 24:

mala Hesperidum,

id. 5, 33:

aurea mala,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6:

pelles,

id. ib.:

corona (a gift for distinction in war),

Liv. 7, 37, 1; Inscr. Orell. 363; 3453; 3475:

corona,

Vulg. Exod. 25, 11:

candelabra,

ib. Apoc. 1, 12: nummus, and absol.: aurĕus, i, m., the standard gold coin of Rome, a gold piece (first struck in the second Punic war), of the value of 25 denarii or 100 sestertii (weighing about 120 grains, and being about equal to £1, 1 s. 1 d. or $5.10), Cic. Phil. 12, 8: si (tibi) contigit aureus unus. Juv. 7, 122;

fully, aureus nummus,

Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 47; Suet. Calig. 42; id. Claud. 21; id. Vit. 16; id. Oth. 4; id. Dom. 7 al.—Of the Hebrew shekels (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. 4 Reg. 5, 5; ib. 2 Par. 9, 15; 9, 16.— Poet.:

vis aurea tinxit Flumen,

i. e. the power of changing every thing to gold, Ov. M. 11, 142.—

Furnished with gold, wrought, interwoven, or ornamented with gold, gilded:

victimam auream polcram immolabat,

i. e. with gilded horns, Naev. 1, 12 (cf. Hom. Od. 3, 426):

sella,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34, and Prop. 5, 10, 28:

cingula,

Verg. A. 1, 492:

Capitolia,

id. ib. 8, 347. templa, Prop. 5, 1, 5:

cuspis,

Ov. M. 7, 673:

Pactolus,

whose waters flowed with gold, id. ib. 11, 87; cf: Lucr 5, 911 sq.—

Of the color of gold, glittering like gold, golden:

liquidi color aureus ignis,

Lucr. 6, 205:

Barba erat incipiens, barbae color aureus,

Ov. M. 12, 395; Plin. 37, 5, 20, § 76; Gell. 2, 26, 5; Pall. Mart. 13, 4:

lumina solis,

Lucr. 5, 461; so,

aurea Phoebe,

Verg. G. 1, 431; Ov. M. 2, 723:

luna,

id. ib. 10, 448; Hor. Epod 17, 41:

aureus sol,

Verg. G 1, 232; 4, 51; so Ov. M. 7, 663: sidera, Verg A. 2, 488;

11, 832: caesaries,

golden locks, id. ib. 8, 659:

coma,

Cat. 61, 95, and Ov. M. 12, 395:

aurea mala,

Verg. E. 3, 71, and 8, 52: Aurea pavonum ridenti imbuta lepore Saecla, the golden species of peacock, full of laughing beauty, Lucr 2, 502.—

Trop., of physical and mental excellences or attractions, golden, beautiful, splendid:

aurea Venus,

Verg. A. 10, 16; Ov M. 10, 277;

15, 761: Amor,

id. Am. 2, 18, 36:

Copia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 28:

Aurea Phoebi porticus,

Prop. 3, 29, 1:

litus,

Mart. 11, 80:

aether,

Ov. M. 13, 587:

medicamentum,

Col. 6, 14, 5 al.:

dicta, vita,

Lucr. 3, 12 and 13:

mores,

Hor. C 4, 2, 23:

Qui nunc te fruitur credulus aureā,

id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

tua mater Me movet atque iras aurea vincit anus,

Tib. 1, 6, 58:

mediocritas,

the golden mean, Hor. C. 2, 10, 5:

aetas,

the golden age, Ov. M. 1, 89:

tempus,

Hor. Epod. 16, 64.—Hence, Virgo = Astraea, Albin. 2, 23.

lībella, ae, f. dim. [libra].

An as, a small silver coin, the tenth part of a denarius:

nummi denarii decuma libella, quod libram pondo aeris valebat, et erat ex argento parva,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 174 Müll.:

librales, unde etiam nunc libella dicitur et dupondius, appendebantur asses,

Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 42; Cato, R. R. 15, 1: sunt enim in sestertio libellae decem, singulae viginti, teruncii quadraginta, Volus. Maec. 66.—

In gen.

Prov. for a very small sum of money, as with us a farthing, groat, cent:

una libella liber possum fieri,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 8; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 27:

tibi libellam argenti numquam credam,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 34:

quoi neque libellai spes sit usquam gentium,

id. ib. 1, 1, 96:

quom libella nusquamst, nisi, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 7, 47:

quis Volcatio unam libellam dedisset?

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 10, § 26.—Hence, ad libellam, i. q. ad assem, to a farthing, to a cent, exactly, Cic. Rosc. Com. 4, 11.—

In inheritances: ex libella, i. q. ex asse, sole heir:

Curius fecit palam te ex libella, me ex teruncio,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3.—

An instrument for detecting any variation from a perfectly horizontal surface, a level, water-level, plummetline:

libella aliqua si ex parti claudicat hilum,

Lucr. 4, 515:

collocare et expolire aliquid ad regulam et libellam,

Vitr. 1, 6, 6; cf. Plin. 36, 25, 63, § 188:

structuram (parietis) ad normam et libellam fieri, et ad perpendiculum respondere oportet,

id. 36, 22, 51, § 172:

locus qui est ad libellam aequus,

quite, perfectly level, Varr. R. R. 1, 6 fin.

mĭna ( mna, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 107), ae, f., = mna.

A Greek weight of a hundred Attic drachmas, a mina, Plin. 21, 34, 109, § 185; Rhem. Fann. de Ponder. 32 sq. —

A Greek money of account.

The silver mina; this was of 100 Attic drachmae or Roman denarii (about $18.05 of our currency):

argenti,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 16; id. Poen. 2, 21; 5, 5, 8 al.—Also absol.:

mina,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 2; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 6, 22 al.; Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91; id. Leg. 2, 27, 68:

minae bonae mala opera partae,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144.—

Auri, the mina of gold, of five times the value of the silver one:

alia opust auri mina,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 44; id. Mil. 5, 27.

mĭna, ae, f. adj., smooth: mina ovis, smooth-bellied, with no wool on the belly:

mina (id est ventre glabro), Varr R. R. 2, 2, 6: minae oves, a play on the double meaning of the word (v. 1. mina, II.),

Plaut. Truc. 3, 1, 9.—

Subst.: mĭna, ae, f.: minam Aelius vocitatam ait mammam alteram lacte deficientem, quasi minorem factam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 122 Müll.

pondo, adv. [abl. from pondus], by weight, in weight.

In gen.:

neque piscium ullam unciam hodie pondo cepi,

an ounce weight, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 8:

ut exercitus coronam auream dictatori libram pondo decreverit,

a pound in weight, weighing a pound, Liv. 3, 29; 4, 20:

vettonicae tusae pondo libra,

Plin. 26, 7, 19, § 33:

pretium in pondo libras denarii duo,

id. 33, 12, 56, § 158:

styracis, resinae terebinthinae pondo sextantes,

Cels. 5, 25, 16:

sextarium aquae cum dodrante pondo mellis diluunt,

Col. 12, 12:

argenti in convivio plus pondo quam libras centum inferre,

Gell. 2, 24, 2.—

In partic., with numerals, as the usual measure of weight, as subst. indecl., pounds (sc. libra;

freq. and class.): COMPEDIBVS QVINDECIM PONDO... VINCITO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: quot pondo te censes esse nudum?

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 33:

auri quinque pondo abstulit,

Cic. Clu. 64, 179:

argenti pondo viginti millia,

Caes. B. C. 2, 18; Plin. 33, 3, 15, § 51; 11, 42, 97, § 241:

fulmen aureum quinquaginta pondo auri,

Liv. 22, 1, 17.— Gen.: rettuli auri pondo mille octingentūm septuaginta, Varr. ap. Non. 149, 19:

corona aurea pondo ducentūm,

id. ib. 163, 33.

sestertĭus, a, um, num. adj. [contr. from semis-tertius], two and a half; only in the phrases sestertius nummus and milia sestertia; v. I. A. and I. B. 1. infra.— Mostly as subst.

sestertĭus (written also with the characters HS.; v. B. 4. infra), ii, m. (sc. nummus); also in full: sestertius nummus; gen. plur. sestertiūm; rarely sestertiorum or sestertiūm nummūm, a sesterce, a small silver coin, originally equal to two and a half asses, or one fourth of a denarius. When the as was reduced in weight, during the Punic wars, the denarius was made equal to sixteen asses, and the sestertius continued to be one fourth of the denarius. Its value, up to the time of Augustus, was twopence and half a farthing sterling, or four and one tenth cents; afterwards about one eighth less. The sestertius was the ordinary coin of the Romans, by which the largest sums were reckoned. The sestertium (1000 sestertii) was equal (up to the time of Augustus, afterwards about one eighth less) to

1 d. sterling, or $42.94 in United States coin (v. Zumpt, Gram. § 842; Dict. of Ant. s. v. as, sestertius).

In gen.:

sestertius, quod duobus semis additur (dupondius enim et semis antiquus sestertius est) et veteris consuetudinis, ut retro aere dicerent, ita ut semis tertius, quartus semis pronunciarent, ab semis tertius sestertius dicitur,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.: nostri quartam denarii partem, quod efficie [p. 1686] batur ex duobus assibus et tertio semisse, sestertium nominaverunt, Vitr. 3, 1 med.; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 30:

taxatio in libras sestertii singuli et in penuriā bini,

Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 130.—Freq. joined with nummus:

mille nongentos quinquaginta sestertios nummos,

Col. 3, 3, 9.— Gen. plur. sestertiūm: quid verum sit, intellego;

sed alias ita loquor, ut concessum est, ut hoc vel pro deum dico vel pro deorum, alias, ut necesse est, cum triumvirum non virorum, cum sestertiūm nummūm non nummorum, quod in his consuetudo varia non est,

Cic. Or. 46, 56:

sestertiūm sexagena milia nummūm,

Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 1; cited ap. Plin. 10, 20, 23, § 45.—Rarely, sestertiorum:

duo milia sestertiorum,

Col. 3, 3, 13.—

In partic.

As adj. in neutr. plur., with milia (in Varr. and Col.):

ut asinus venierit sestertiis milibus LX. (= sexaginta milibus sestertium),

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14:

grex centenarius facile quadragena milia sestertia ut reddat,

id. ib. 3, 6, 6:

hos numquam minus dena milia sestertia ex melle recipere,

id. ib. 3, 6, 11:

Hirrius ex aedificiis duodena milia sestertia capiebat,

id. ib. 3, 17, 3:

sestertiis octo milibus,

Col. 3, 3, 8; 3, 3, 9; 3, 3, 10.—

To express more than two complete thousands sestertia is used as plurale tantum, with distrib. numerals (rare before the Aug. per.):

si qui vilicus ex eo fundo, qui sestertia dena meritasset... domino XX. milia nummūm pro X. miserit (= decem milia sestertiūm),

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 50, § 119:

candidati apud eum HS. quingena deposuerunt (= quindecim milia sestertiūm),

id. Att. 4, 15, 7:

capit ille ex suis praediis sexcena sestertia, ego centena ex meis,

id. Par. 6, 3, 49:

bis dena super sestertia nummum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

Tiberius Hortalo se respondisse ait, daturum liberis ejus ducena sestertia singulis,

Tac. A. 2, 38:

princeps capiendis pecuniis posuit modum usque ad dena sestertia,

id. ib. 11, 7.—Rarely with card. numerals:

sestertia centum,

Sall. C. 30, 6:

septem donat sestertia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 80:

centum sestertia,

Mart. 6, 20, 1:

sex sestertia,

id. 6, 30, 1; cf.:

ne cui jus esset nisi qui... HS. CCCC. census fuisset,

Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 32.—

Millions of sesterces were expressed in three ways:

By the words centena (or centum) milia sestertiūm, preceded by a numeral adverb (rare): miliens centena milia sestertium, a hundred millions, etc., Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 84.—

With ellips. of the words centena milia, the gen. plur. sestertiūm being preceded by the numeral adv. (rare;

once in Cic.): HS. (i. e. sestertium) quater decies P. Tadio numerata Athenis... planum faciam (i.e. sestertiūm quater decies centena milia, = 1,400,000 sesterces),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100 (where B. and K. after Orell. read. ex conj., sestertium; v. Kühner, Gram. § 229, 5 b.).—

With sestertium, declined as subst. neutr., and the numeral adverbs from decies upward (also with ellips. of centena or centum milia; sestertium here = centum milia sestertiūm. The origin of this usage, which became general, has been much disputed, and it is usual to explain it, after Non. p. 495 (cf. Quint. 1, 6, 18), as a grammatical blunder, by which the gen. plur. sestertium has been mistaken for a neutr. sing., Zumpt, Gram. § 873; but it more probably grew out of the adj. use of sestertium with mille, supra; v. Fischer, Gram. 2, p. 269; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 116; Kühner, Gram. § 209).

Nom. and acc.:

quom ei testamento sestertium milies relinquatur,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 93:

nonne sestertium centies et octogies... Romae in quaestu reliquisti?

id. Pis. 35, 86:

sestertium sexagies, quod advexerat Domitius,

Caes. B. C. 1, 23, 4:

sestertium quadringenties aerario illatum est,

Tac. A. 13, 31:

sestertium deciens numeratum esse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 20; 2, 3, 70, § 163:

quadringenties sestertium, quod debuisti,

id. Phil. 2, 37, 93; id. Off. 3, 24, 93; Nep. Att. 14, 2:

sestertium ducenties ex eā praedā redactum esse,

Liv. 45, 43, 8; Val. Max. 9, 1, 6:

sestertium milies in culinam congerere,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 10, 3:

quater milies sestertium suum vidit,

id. Ben. 2, 27, 1; Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37; Tac. A. 6, 45; 12, 22; 12, 53; 13, 31; id. H. 4, 47; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Galb. 5.—Sometimes with ellips. of sestertium:

dissipatio, per quam Antonius septies miliens avertit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 11.—

Gen.:

syngrapha sestertii centies per legatos facta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95:

argenti ad summam sestertii decies in aerarium rettulit,

Liv. 45, 4, 1:

sestertii milies servus,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 16, 1:

liberalitas decies sestertii,

Tac. A. 2, 37; 2, 86:

centies sestertii largitio,

id. ib. 12, 58; 12, 53; Plin. Ep. 10, 3 (5), 2.—

Abl.:

quadragies sestertio villam venisse,

Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 3:

sexagies sestertio, tricies sestertio,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 4:

centies sestertio cenavit uno die,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 9, 11:

pantomimae decies sestertio nubunt,

id. ib. 12, 5; id. Ben. 4, 36, 1; Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 196:

accepto quinquagies sestertio,

Tac. A. 3, 17; 6, 17; 16, 13; id. H. 4, 42; Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 7; Suet. Caes. 50; id. Tib. 48; id. Calig. 38, 4.—The sign HS., i.e. II. and semis, stands for sestertius, sestertia, and sestertium, in all the uses described above; when it is necessary, to avoid ambiguity, its meanings are distinguished thus: HS. XX. stands for sestertii viginti; HS. X̅X̅., with a line over the numeral, = sestertia vicena, or 20,000 sesterces; H̅S̅. X̅X̅., with lines over both signs, = sestertium vicies, or 2,000,000 sesterces (Kühner, Gram. § 229 Anm. 1). But in recent edd. the numerals are usu. written in full, when the meaning would otherwise be doubtful.—

Transf., in gen.

Nummo sestertio or sestertio nummo, for a small sum, for a trifle (good prose):

ecquis est, qui bona C. Rabirii Postumi nummo sestertio sibi addici velit? Tua, Postume, nummo sestertio a me addicuntur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 45; Val. Max. 5, 2, 10:

C. Matienus damnatus sestertio nummo veniit,

Liv. Epit. 55:

quae maxima inter vos habentur, divitiae, gratia, potentia, sestertio nummo aestiman da sunt,

Sen. Ep. 95, 59; Val. Max. 8, 2, 3.—

Money, a sum of money:

sestertio amplo comparare,

for a large sum, Sol. 27 (40) fin. —

In the times of the emperors, also, a copper coin, worth four asses, Plin. 34, 2, 2, § 4; cf. Eckhel. Doctr. Num. 6, p. 283.—

ses-tertĭum, ii, n., in econom. lang., as a measure of dimension, two and a half feet deep:

ipsum agrum sat erit bipalio vertere: quod vocant rustici sestertium,

Col. Arb. 1, 5 (for which:

siccus ager bipalio subigi debet, quae est altitudo pastinationis, cum in duos pedes et semissem convertitur humus,

id. ib. 3, 5, 3).